Stage+2+Digesting

=Unit 1 Cells and System=

2.2 The Digestive and Excretory Systems

 * Stage 2: Digesting** Page 71

This page is about the stages of digestion. This page describes the processes of digestion, and describes the body structures along the digestive tube. In particular, this page explains body structures of digestion, what they do, and how they do it. The body structures of the digestive tube are the mouth, the esophagus, the stomach, and the small intestine. The mouth chews the food, then swallows it. Later, the food passes the esophagus, in which the esophagus pushes each bolus (each individual piece of chewed food), down to the stomach. When food reaches your stomach, the gastric juice inside your stomach mixes with the bolus, and makes chyme. After a while, the chyme passes the stomach and enters the small intestine. After this, the second stage of digestion is complete.
 * **Question** || **Answers** ||
 * When does the process of digestion start? || The process of digestion starts when the food enters your mouth and you chew it. ||
 * Which body structures are involved with this process? || This process includes the digestive tube and many body structures around and along it. ||
 * Which body structures are involved with this process? || This process includes the digestive tube and many body structures around and along it. ||

mean? || This scientific term means before you swallow the bits of food. Every small piece of food that is chewed up by your teeth and tongue is called a bolus. ||
 * Mouth** Page 71.
 * **Question** || **Answers** ||
 * When food enters your mouth, what happens to it? There are two answers. || When food enters your mouth, it goes through two processes which are called Mechanical and Chemical Digestion. ||
 * What does "before you swallow the bolus"
 * What does "before you swallow the bolus"
 * How does the amylase help the process of digestion? || In the process of digestion, amylase breaks down the food bolus and complex carbohydrates into simpler foods and carbohydrates easier to digest. ||
 * How does the amylase help the process of digestion? || In the process of digestion, amylase breaks down the food bolus and complex carbohydrates into simpler foods and carbohydrates easier to digest. ||


 * Esophagus** Page 72.
 * **Questions** || **Answers** ||
 * What is where the airway and the rest of your digestive system meet called? || The place where the airway passage and the digestive system meet is called a pharynx. ||
 * A small flap that covers the airway is called? || The small flap of flesh that covers the airway is called the epiglottis. ||
 * Which part connects to the pharynx and stomach? || The esophagus connects the pharynx and the stomach. ||
 * What is a good description of the esophagus? || The esophagus is parts of the digestive tube that connets the pharynx and the stomach. The Esophaus is long and muscular. Bolus is pushed through the esophagus which process is called peristalsis. ||
 * Give a good example of the bolus being pushed thorugh the esophagus. || This process is called peristalis. An example of peristalis is when you use your hands to squeeze a marble down thourgh a small rubber tube. your hands squeezing are like your esophagus muscles pushing the bolus to the stomach. ||
 * What happens when you choke on food or a drink? || When you choke on food or drinks, your epiglottis has opened up. Instead of the food bolus going through your esophagus, it has gone through your airway passage causing you to choke. ||
 * What is a good description of the esophagus? || The esophagus is parts of the digestive tube that connets the pharynx and the stomach. The Esophaus is long and muscular. Bolus is pushed through the esophagus which process is called peristalsis. ||
 * Give a good example of the bolus being pushed thorugh the esophagus. || This process is called peristalis. An example of peristalis is when you use your hands to squeeze a marble down thourgh a small rubber tube. your hands squeezing are like your esophagus muscles pushing the bolus to the stomach. ||
 * What happens when you choke on food or a drink? || When you choke on food or drinks, your epiglottis has opened up. Instead of the food bolus going through your esophagus, it has gone through your airway passage causing you to choke. ||
 * What happens when you choke on food or a drink? || When you choke on food or drinks, your epiglottis has opened up. Instead of the food bolus going through your esophagus, it has gone through your airway passage causing you to choke. ||
 * What happens when you choke on food or a drink? || When you choke on food or drinks, your epiglottis has opened up. Instead of the food bolus going through your esophagus, it has gone through your airway passage causing you to choke. ||


 * Stomach** Page 73
 * **Questions** || **Answers** ||
 * What is a good example of the stomach? || An example of the stomach would be a very stretchable muscular bag. ||
 * How much can your stomach hold and what is inside of it? || Your stomach can hold about 2 L of food and liquid. Inside your stomach there is gastric juice made from hydrochloric acid, mucus, and acidic secreted from your stomach's lining. ||
 * Why is one reason that the gastric juice is very acidic? || One reason is the enzyme pepsin (which breaks down protein) needs an acidic environment in which to function. ||
 * When the bolus enters your stomach, what happens immediatly? || Immediatly the bolus is covered in gastric acids and mixed around by the contractions of the stomach muscles. ||
 * When the bolus is broken down, what is it called? || When the bolus is broken down, it becomes a liquid called chyme. ||
 * About how long is this process going to take? || This process can take from two to six hours. ||
 * What does the sphincters do in your body? || Sphincters when open allow materials to move through them. ||
 * How many sphincters are there in your stomach, name them? || In your stomach there are two sphincters. One regulates the entry of each bolus into the stomach. The other regulates the flow of chyme out of the stomach and into the small intestine. ||
 * When you vomit or have a heartburn what happens to the process of digestion? || The process of digestion, the flow of materials is reversed. The gastric juice and partially burning sensation the person feels in the throat or mouth is beacause of the hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice. ||
 * About how long is this process going to take? || This process can take from two to six hours. ||
 * What does the sphincters do in your body? || Sphincters when open allow materials to move through them. ||
 * How many sphincters are there in your stomach, name them? || In your stomach there are two sphincters. One regulates the entry of each bolus into the stomach. The other regulates the flow of chyme out of the stomach and into the small intestine. ||
 * When you vomit or have a heartburn what happens to the process of digestion? || The process of digestion, the flow of materials is reversed. The gastric juice and partially burning sensation the person feels in the throat or mouth is beacause of the hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice. ||
 * How many sphincters are there in your stomach, name them? || In your stomach there are two sphincters. One regulates the entry of each bolus into the stomach. The other regulates the flow of chyme out of the stomach and into the small intestine. ||
 * When you vomit or have a heartburn what happens to the process of digestion? || The process of digestion, the flow of materials is reversed. The gastric juice and partially burning sensation the person feels in the throat or mouth is beacause of the hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice. ||
 * When you vomit or have a heartburn what happens to the process of digestion? || The process of digestion, the flow of materials is reversed. The gastric juice and partially burning sensation the person feels in the throat or mouth is beacause of the hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice. ||
 * When you vomit or have a heartburn what happens to the process of digestion? || The process of digestion, the flow of materials is reversed. The gastric juice and partially burning sensation the person feels in the throat or mouth is beacause of the hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice. ||


 * Small Intestine** Page 74
 * **Question** || **Answers** ||
 * What happens when the liquid chyme leaves your stomach? || When liquid chyme leaves the stomach, it empties into the small intestine. ||
 * About how long is the small intestine? || The small intestine is a tube about 6m long and 2.5 cm in diameter. ||
 * When is the second stage of the process ended ? || The second stage of the process is complete once the food particles leave the duodenum. ||
 * When is the second stage of the process ended ? || The second stage of the process is complete once the food particles leave the duodenum. ||
 * When is the second stage of the process ended ? || The second stage of the process is complete once the food particles leave the duodenum. ||


 * More About Chemical Digestion in the Small intestine** Page 74
 * **Questions** || **Answers** ||
 * What is in the first 30cm of the small intestine? || The first 30 cm are ducts or tubes that connect to other organs, such as the pancreas, liver, and gall bladder. ||
 * How does the pancreas help the digestion process? || The pancreas produces digestive enzymes that pass into the small intestine. ||
 * Enzymes is like a kind of acid, what does it break down? || The enzymes help in further breakdown of the carbohydrates, protein, and fat in the chyme. ||
 * What is the process that help pancreatic enzymes? || The process that helps pancreatic enzymes is when the liver produces bile and bile does it's normal functions. ||
 * What does the liver produce? || The liver produces the substance called bile. ||
 * What is an example of bile breaking the globs of fat into smaller particles? || An example is how dish detergent breaks up grease. ||
 * What is the process that help pancreatic enzymes? || The process that helps pancreatic enzymes is when the liver produces bile and bile does it's normal functions. ||
 * What does the liver produce? || The liver produces the substance called bile. ||
 * What is an example of bile breaking the globs of fat into smaller particles? || An example is how dish detergent breaks up grease. ||
 * What is an example of bile breaking the globs of fat into smaller particles? || An example is how dish detergent breaks up grease. ||
 * What is an example of bile breaking the globs of fat into smaller particles? || An example is how dish detergent breaks up grease. ||